[Note: Thank you to Jim Mackovjak for condensing MacDonald's three reports into one, searchable document. You may find entries that are incorrect or incomplete. This is your opportunity to correct MacDonald's chronology and add to it. Please leave a comment if you notice factual errors or have additional information.]
Introduction
In March 1949, Alaska’s Territorial Legislature created the Alaska
Department of Fisheries. The new department’s mission was to assist in
conservation and perpetuation of the territory’s fisheries resources; to
promote resident ownership, management and control of the fisheries; and to
cooperate with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. C.L. Anderson, a Seattle-based
fisheries biologist who had a substantial understanding of fishing methods and
fish processing, was hired as director of the new agency. Anderson selected Lewis
MacDonald, a former enforcement officer with the Fish & Wildlife Service in
Alaska who had broad knowledge of Alaska’s commercial fisheries, as fishery
supervisor. MacDonald was in charge of field work, including enforcement, and
was the agency’s liaison with the Fish & Wildlife Service. He was also
interested in the history of Alaska’s fisheries, and his chronology of Alaska's
salmon canneries—incorporated serially into the annual reports of the Alaska
Department of Fisheries for the years 1949 (Southeast Alaska), 1950 (Western
Alaska), and 1951 (Central Alaska)—are a valuable contribution to Alaska’s history and a fundamental reference for
historical research regarding Alaska’s canneries.
Jim Mackovjak, October 2013
Compiled by Lewis G.
MacDonald from records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Fish & Wildlife Service
and other sources.
Long before the advent of the white man in Alaska, the native
inhabitants utilized a small fraction of the abundant fisheries. The
early Russian American Company shipped a few thousand barrels of choice salt
fish to California and St. Petersburg. From Redoubt Lake, near Sitka, they
supplied a large local area with red salmon without providing for sufficient
escapement, thereby depleting the run there.
Salteries preceded the canneries. There was a saltery at Klawock before
the first cannery was constructed there.
Mortality among the salmon canneries in Southeastern Alaska has been
high. During the years, 1878-1949, covered by the following history, 134
canneries were built; 65 burned and were not rebuilt; five burned and were
rebuilt; ten were moved to other sites; some operations were consolidated.
There were 37 operating plants in Southeastern Alaska in 1949.
1878
It was not until eleven years after
the United States purchased Alaska from Russia that the first cannery was built
at Klawock by the North Pacific Trading and Packing Co. in 1878. It was
operated until 1929 when Libby, McNeill & Libby bought it, operated it in
1929-30 and then closed it permanently.
The Cutting Packing Co. also built
a cannery in 1878, but at Sitka. This cannery operated until 1880 when it was
dismantled and moved to Cook Inlet.
1882
Chilkat Packing Co. (M. J. Kinney);
Chilkat Inlet; burned 1892.
1883
Northwest Trading Co.; Pyramid Harbor
(Chilkat Inlet); 1888 sold to D. L. Beck & Sons; burned 1889; rebuilt; sold
to Alaska Packers 1893; abandoned 1908.
Fox Packing Co. (M. J. Kinney);
Boca de Quadra; sold to Tongass Packing Co. and moved to Ketchikan 1886; burned
1889.
1887
Aberdeen Packing Co.; mouth of
Stikine River; moved as Glacier Packing Co. to Pt. Highfield (Wrangell Is.)
1889; joined Alaska Packers 1893; closed 1927.
Boston Fishing & Trading Co.
(Ford, Rhode & Johnson); Yes Bay; first operated 1889; sold to Pacific
Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; sold to Northwestern Fisheries 1904; sold to
C. A. Burkhart 1906; sold to Alaska Consolidated Canneries 1922; closed 1928.
1888
Cape Lees Packing Co. (Andrew and
Benjamin Young); Burroughs Bay; closed 1890; sold to Alaska Packers, dismantled
1893.
Cutting Packing Co. (Alaska Salmon
Packing & Fur Co.); Loring; joined Alaska Packers 1893; closed 1930.
1889
Astoria & Alaska Packing Co.;
Pavlof Harbor; moved to Pt. Ellis 1890.
Baranof Packing Co.; Redoubt; moved
to Red Fish Bay 1890.
Thlinket Packing Co.; Pt. Gerad
(Wrangell Is.); sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; closed 1902.
Chilkat Canning Co.; Chilkat
Village; joined Alaska Packers 1893; later dismantled.
1890
Bartlett Bay Packing Co.; Bartlett
Bay; crude packed 4,300 cases; ice from Glacier Bay halted operations 1891;
sold to Alaska Packers 1893; dismantled.
Annette Island Packing Co.;
Metlakatla; owned by the Village; burned; rebuilt; still operating.
1891
Boston Fishing & Trading Co.;
Pt. Ellis; burned 1892. Baranof Packing Co.; Red Fish Bay (equipment from
Redoubt plant); sold to Alaska Packers 1898; dismantled.
1896
Pacific Steam Whaling Co.; Hunters
Bay; joined Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; closed 1904; sold to
Northwestern Fisheries, Inc. 1905; closed finally 1930; plant sold to Pacific
American Fisheries 1933 but not operated.
Quadra Packing Co.; Mink Arm (Boca
de Quadra); sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; closed 1904-05;
sold to Northwestern Fisheries 1906; reopened 1907; closed 1931; plant sold to
Pacific American Fisheries 1933 but not reopened.
1899
Icy Straits Packing Co.
(stockholders of the Quadra Packing Co.) Petersburg; sold to Pacific Packing
& Navigation Co. 1901; closed 1903-05; sold to Northwestern Fisheries 1905;
sold to Norway Packing Co. 1906; taken over by Petersburg Packing Co. 1915;
sold to Pacific American Fisheries 1929; operating.
1900
Western Fisheries Co.; Dundas Bay;
sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; sold to Northwestern
Fisheries 1905; closed, 1931; sold to Pacific American Fisheries 1932 but not
operated.
Royer Warnock Packing Co.; Beecher
Pass; operated one year.
Taku Fishing Co.; southern shore
Port Snettisham; sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; closed
1902.
Chilkoot Packing Co.; head of
Chilkoot Inlet; sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; closed 1904.
Taku Packing Co.; Taku Inlet;
joined Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. and closed 1904.
Fidalgo Island Packing Co.;
Ketchikan; operating.
1901
Thlinket Packing Co.; Santa Anna;
no operation 1903-05; sold to
Northwestern Fisheries 1905; closed 1920; plant sold to
Pacific American Fisheries 1933; abandoned 1938.
Union Bay Packing Co.; Ken Bay
(Affleck Canal); plant moved to
Bristol Bay 1904.
Pacific Coast & Norway Packing
Co.; Tonka; moved to Petersburg 1906.
F. C. Barnes; Lake Bay; sold to
Columbia River Packers 1929; closed 1930.
San Juan Fishing & Packing Co.;
Taku Harbor; (cannery and cold storage plant); sold to Pacific Cold Storage Co.
1903; leased to Taku Alaskan Packing Co. 1906; leased to John L. Carlson &
Co. 1907; sold to Carlson 1911; sold to Libby, McNeill & Libby 1918;
operated to 1947 still maintained.
Chatham Straits Packing Co.; Sitkoh
Bay; sold to Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. 1901; sold to George T. Myers
1904; sold to New England Fish Co. 1929; operating.
1902
Wales Island Packing Co.; Wales Is.
(near Ketchikan); island became part of Canadian Territory in 1903; not listed
as American plant.
Alaska Fisheries Union; Chilkat
Inlet; leased to Lynn Canal Packing Co. 1905; sold to Pacific American
Fisheries 1906; moved to Excursion Inlet 1908. Kasaan Bay Co.; Kasaan; closed
1904-05; sold to Gorman & Co. 1905; burned 1906; rebuilt 1911; sold to
Booth Fisheries 1915; packing name changed to Northwestern Fisheries 1921; sold
to Pacific American Fisheries 1933; operating.
Thlinket Packing Co.; Funter Bay;
sold to Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1926; closed 1931; sold to P. E. Harris
1941 but not operated.
Alaska Fish & Lumber Co.;
Shakan; not operated 1904-05; sold to Gorman & Co. 1906 (Shakan Salmon
Co.); sold to Booth Fisheries 1915 (operating as Northwestern Fisheries);
closed 1930; plant sold to Pacific American Fisheries 1933; dismantled.
Pillar Bay Packing Co.; Pillar Bay;
sold to Fidalgo Island Packing Co. 1918; operating.
1904
Yakutat & Southern Railway;
Yakutat; nine-mile railway built to fishing site; sold to Libby, McNeill &
Libby 1917; cannery maintained.
1908
Astoria Puget Sound Co.; Excursion
Inlet; sold to Columbia River Packers 1948; burned 1948.
Pacific American Fisheries moved
Chilkat Inlet plant to Excursion Inlet; closed 1935; consolidated with Astoria
Puget Sound.
1910
St. Elias Packing Co.; Dry Bay;
closed 1913.
1911
Hidden Inlet Canning Co.; Hidden
Inlet; burned 1920; A&P Co. built on same site 1922; name changed to Nakat
Packing Co. 1924; operating.
L. Gustav & Co.; Skowl Arm;
sold to Straits Packing Co.; burned 1920; rebuilt 1923; leased to United Salmon
Packers 1930; leased to Skowl Arm Packers 1932; sold to Deep Sea Canning Co.
1933; closed 1937.
Tee Harbor Packing Co.; Tee Harbor;
sold to Alaska Pacific Fisheries 1920; sold to Alaska Consolidated Canneries 1922;
burned 1924.
Hawk Inlet Fish Co.; Hawk Inlet;
sold to P. E. Harris 1915; operating.
1912
Revilla Fish Products Co.;
Ketchikan; closed after one year operation.
Oceanic Packing Co.; Waterfall;
sold to Alaska Fish Co. 1913; sold to Nakat Packing Co. 1924; operating.
Lindenberger Packing Co.; Craig;
sold to Sea Coast Packing Co. 1917; sold to Libby McNeil and Libby 1929;
operating.
Lindenberger Packing Co.; Roe Point
(Behm Canal); sold to Northwestern Fisheries 1916; closed 1920; burned 1929.
Alaska Sanitary Packing Co.;
Wrangell; burned 1924.
Beauclerc Packing Co.; Port
Beauclerc; burned 1926.
Sanborn Cram Co.; Burnett Inlet;
sold to Burnett Inlet Packing Co. 1918; sold to Alaska Pacific Fisheries 1930;
idle until sold to Burnett Inlet Salmon Co. 1937; burned 1940.
Hoonah Packing Co.; Hoonah; closed
1924; sold to Icy Strait Packing Co. 1934; operating.
G. W. Hume Co.; Nakat Inlet; burned
1920.
Karheen Packing Co.; Karheen; sold
to Libby, McNeil & Libby 1929; operated 1930 and closed; burned 1933.
Admiralty Trading Co.; Gambier Bay;
sold to Hoonah Packing Co.
1915; closed 1923.
Starr Collinson Packing Co.; Moira
Sound; burned 1929.
Sunny Point Canning Co.; Ketchikan;
name changed to Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1929; sold to P. E. Harris Co.
1940; sold to Nakat Packing Co. 1949.
Swift Arthur Cresby Co.; Warm Chuck
(Heceta Is.); leased to A&P Products Corp. 1922; named changed to Nakat
Packing Co. 1925; closed 1929.
Point Warde Packing Co.; Point
Warde (Behm Canal); operated until 1921; closed three years; reopened 1924;
sold to Whitworth Fisheries, Inc. 1927; leased to Alaska Associated Canneries
1929; dismantled 1930.
Pure Food Fish Co.; Ketchikan;
leased to Nakat Packing Co. 1927; sold to Nakat 1928; closed 1930.
Weise Packing Co.; Rose Inlet; sold
to Southern Alaska Canning Co. 1918; went under Alaska Consolidated Canneries
1922; sold to Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1929; sold to P. E. Harris 1941;
maintained.
Walsh Moore Canning Co.; Ward’s
Cove; sold to Wards Cove Packing Co. 1914; operating. Canoe Pass Packing Co.;
Canoe Pass; operated one year; dismantled and moved to Cordova 1914.
Sanborn Cutting Co.; Kake; sold to
Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1926; sold to P. E. Harris 1940; recently sold to
the Organized Village of Kake; operating.
Deep Sea Salmon Co.; Fords Arm (near
Cape Edwards); leased to A&P Products Corp. 1920; closed 1923.
Alaska Pacific Fisheries; Chomly;
taken over by Alaska Consolidated Canneries 1922; sold to Alaska Pacific Salmon
Corp. 1929; closed 1930.
1914
George Inlet Packing Co.; George Inlet;
sold to Libby, McNeill & Libby 1927; operating.
1915
Doyhof Fish Products Co.; Scow Bay
(Wrangell Narrows); sold to
G. W. Hume 1919; leased to P. E. Harris 1923; machinery
moved to Lake Bay cannery 1925.
1916
J. L. Smiley Co.; Ketchikan; sold
to Pacific American Fisheries 1928; closed 1932.
Tenakee Fisheries; Tenakee Inlet;
sold to Standard Salmon Co. 1920; leased to J. D. Roop Co. 1922; sold to
Superior Fish Co. 1923 and was reorganized in 1927 under the name of Superior
Packing Co.; operating.
Union Bay Fisheries Co.; Union Bay;
taken over by G. W. Hume 1923; sold to Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. 1924;
operation name changed to Nakat Packing Co. 1925; burned 1947.
Beegle Packing Co.; Ketchikan; taken
over by P. E. Harris 1944.
Ketchikan Packing Co.; Ketchikan;
closed 1921.
Auke Bay Salmon Canning Co.; Auke
Bay; closed 1924.
1917
Baranof Packing Co.; Red Bluff Bay;
closed 1921; used as saltery station.
Lane & Williams; Moira Sound;
closed 1919.
Sitka Packing Co.; Sitka; leased to
DeLong & Wolf 1921; leased to A. P. Wolf & Co. 1922; Sitka Packing Co.
operated in 1923; sold to Pyramid Packing Co. 1924; operating.
Alaska Herring and Sardine Co.;
Port Walter; closed 1925; sold to PAF in 1929 but not operated.
R. L. Cole & Co.; (north of
Craig); closed 1920.
Alaska Pacific Herring Co.; Big
Port Walter; sold to Southern Alaska Canning Co. after two years; closed 1922;
later used as saltery and herring reduction plant.
Haines Packing Co.; Chilkat Inlet
(Litnekof Cove); operating.
1918
Pyramid Packing Co.; Sitka; sold to
Sitka Packing Co. 1923; reorganized 1942 under name of Pyramid Fisheries, Inc.;
operating.
Columbia Salmon Co.; Tenakee; sold
to Alaska Consolidated Canneries 1922; closed 1929.
Deep Sea Salmon Co.; Port Althorp;
sold to Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1929; burned 1940.
Northern Packing Co.; Juneau;
closed 1920.
Pybus Bay Fish & Packing Co.;
Pybus Bay; sold to Alaska Consolidated Canneries; 1922; sold to Alaska Pacific
Salmon Corp. 1928; closed 1928.
Hidden Inlet Canning Co.; Hood Bay;
sold to Hood Bay Canning Co. 1927; sold to Angoon native village 1949.
American Packing Co.; Juneau;
closed after two years operation.
Noyes Island Packing Co.; Steamboat
Bay; sold to Steamboat Bay Packing Co. 1922; sold to New England Fish Co. 1924.
T. E. P. Keegan; Douglas; operated
one year; closed.
H. Van Vlack & Co.; Thomas Bay;
operated 1918; later used as shrimp cannery and saltery station.
Alaska Packing & Navigation Co.;
Pavlof Harbor; sold to Pavlof Harbor Packing Co. 1919; leased to Carlson Bros.
1921; closed 1923.
Alaska Fisheries Co.; Washington
Bay; sold to Petersburg Packing Co. 1919; closed 1921; used as saltery and
reduction plant.
Todd Packing Co.; Todd (Peril
Straits); closed 1921; sold to Peril Straits Packing Co. 1927; reorganized as
Todd Packing Co. 1942; operating.
Southern Alaska Canning Co.; Boca
de Quadra; sold to Alaska Consolidated Canneries 1922; closed 1928; plant sold
to Alaska Pacific Salmon Corp. 1929 but not operated.
1919
Mountain Point Packing Co.; Scow
Bay; bought Alaska Clam Co. buildings and operated salmon cannery; leased to Wrangell
Narrows Packing Co. 1929; leased to O. Nickolson 1932; leased to Hanseth Bros.
1933; sold to Scow Bay Packing Co. 1934; idle 1938-42; leased by Dean Kaylor
1942-45; leased to H. M. Parks Co. 1949.
Alaska Sanitary Packing Co.; Cape
Fanshaw; operated 1919-20 then closed.
Marathon Fishing & Packing Co.;
Cape Fanshaw; operated 1919-20 then closed.
Cape Fanshaw Fishing and Packing
Co.; Cape Fanshaw; operated one year and closed.
Alaska Salmon & Herring
Packers; Tyee; sold to Sebastian & Steward 1924; operating.
Hood Bay Packing Co.; Hood Bay;
reconverted into reduction plant 1924.
Douglas Island Packing Co.;
Douglas; leased to ElIson Packing Co. 1931; taken over by Douglas Fisheries 1933;
sold to Douglas Canning Co. 1946; maintained.
John L. Carlson & Co.; Auke
Bay; closed 1922; dismantled 1925.
1920
Revilla Packing Co.; Ketchikan;
operated one year; dismantled 1924.
E. R. Strand; Wrangell Narrows;
operated one year.
Alaska Union Fisheries, Inc.; Port
Conclusion (Baranof Is.); operated 1920-21; closed 1921.
Hetta Packing Co.; Coppermount
(Hetta Inlet); closed 1930.
1922
Ness Fish Co.; Petersburg; packed
salmon one year then entered shrimp fisheries.
Big Harbor Packing Co.; Craig;
packed one year and closed.
R. J. Peratrovich; Bayview; changed
name to Bayview Packing Co. 1924; leased to Ocean Packing Co. 1932; taken over by
Peratrovich & Son 1939; name changed to Peratrovich Packing Co. 1942;
leased to West Coast Packing Co. 1945; operating.
1923
New England Fish Co.; Ketchikan;
still operating.
Sunrise Packing Co.; Ketchikan;
sold to Northland Packing Co. 1925; sold to Stuart Corp after one year’s
operation; sold to Ketchikan Packing Co. 1931; operating.
1924
Chas. W. Demmert Packing Co.;
Bayview (Klawock); leased to Klawock Packing Co. 1933; leased to Ocean Packing
Co. 1936; idle in 1937; leased to Spencer Packing Co. 1938; leased to
Bellingham Canning Co. 1940; leased to Libby, McNeill & Libby 1946; now
being sold to natives of Klawock; operating.
1926
Tongass Packing Co.; Nakat Inlet;
put up one pack; went into receivership and closed.
1927
Far North Fisheries; beached the
floating cannery Pioneer at Hydaburg; operated until 1930; leased to F. W.
Kurth, former superintendent, 1930; repossessed, floated and moved to Ketchikan
1931.
Independent Salmon Canneries;
Ketchikan; started in leased building; erected new building 1929; operating.
1929
Wrangell Packing Co.; Wrangell;
taken over by Burnett Inlet Salmon Co. 1941; plant not operated after 1942; Far
West Alaska Co. formed, consolidated with A. R. Breuger at Wrangell.
Iverson Packing Co.; Ketchikan; (in
buildings formerly used by Independent
Canneries); sold to Balcom-Payne Fisheries in 1933; closed 1942.
1932
Diamond K Packing Co.; Wrangell;
became Far West Fishermen, Inc., 1939; reorganized as Far West Alaska Co. 1940.
1934
Berg Packing Co.; Ketchikan; taken
over by Whiz Fish Co. 1940; closed 1943. Lindenberger Canning Co.; Craig;
closed 1939-42; packed in 1942 and closed.
Lane Bros.; Moira Sound (near Ketchikan); operated until 1936 and closed.
1935
A. R. Breuger; Wrangell; operated
until 1942; reorganized as Far West Wrangell 1942; operating.
Hydaburg Fisheries, Inc.; Hydaburg;
packing name changed to Hydaburg Canning Co. 1939; changed to Hydaburg
Cooperative Assn. 1944; operating.
1936
Seaport Salmon Co.; Ketchikan (in
old Steve Selig estate building); packed one year and closed.
1937
Northern Fisheries; Ketchikan;
closed 1942.
1938
Dean C. Kaylor; Petersburg (in old
shrimp-crab plant; Scow Bay plant leased and operated until 1946; new plant
built at Petersburg 1946 and has since packed under the name of Kaylor &
Dahl.
Salt Sea Fisheries; Tenakee; make a
pack nearly every year to date.
1940
Alaska Glacier Sea Food Co.;
Petersburg (began packing salmon in its shrimp plant); burned 1942; rebuilt;
now occupied by Kaylor & Dahl.
1941
Cape Cross Salmon Co.; Pelican; did
not pack until 1944; dock and warehouse were used by a floating cannery; plant
leased to Whiz Fish Co. 1946 but is still owned by Cape Cross Salmon Co.
1942
Burnett Inlet Salmon Co.; Saginaw
Bay (near Wrangell) in the old Port Walter Herring and Packing Company’s
reduction plant; became Farwest Saginaw in 1943; taken over and operated by
Grindall Fisheries 1946; but owned by Farwest Fishermen, Wrangell.
1946
Binkleys Canning Co.; Wrangell.
Lutak Fisheries; Lutak Inlet.
Fancy Packers; Ketchikan.
Smith Morrow; Sitka.
Compiled by Lewis G.
MacDonald from records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Fish & Wildlife Service
and other sources.
Since readers of our 1949 Annual Report showed much interest
in the history of salmon canneries in Southeastern Alaska, it seemed advisable to
continue the series in this report.
The history of Western Alaska also shows a high mortality
among the canneries built since 1884 when the Arctic Packing Company located the
first plant on the Nushagak River. During the period covered by this history 51
canneries were built; 36 were burned, abandoned or moved to other sites; and
from time to time numerous operations have been
consolidated. 15 plants operated in Western Alaska in 1950.
1884
The Arctic Packing Co. erected a cannery near the Moravian
Mission, Nushagak River, which was the start of the salmon canning industry in the
Bering Sea. This company became a member of the Alaska Packers in 1901 and consolidated
with the Nushagak Canning Co. at Clark Point. A double cannery was erected in
1901 at Clark Point and packs were no longer made at the old cannery.
1885
The Alaska Packing Co. erected a cannery on the Western side
of Nushagak Bay, 1½ miles below the junction of the Wood and Nushagak Rivers.
Became a member of the Alaska Packers Association in 1893 and operated to 1930.
In 1945, the Bristol Bay Packing Co. purchased the cannery, did extensive work
and installed new machinery; presently operating.
1886
The Bristol Bay Canning Co. built on the Western shore of
Nushagak Bay at a place called Dillingham, about two miles below the cannery of
the Alaska Packing Co. This cannery became a member of the Alaska Packers
Association in 1893 and packed until the plant closed in 1907; did not reopen
and was dismantled several years later.
1888
The Nushagak Canning Co. built a cannery on the Eastern
shore of Nushagak Bay at Clark Point. This cannery was not operated from
1891until 1901 but became a member of the Alaska Packers in 1893. In 1901a
double cannery was erected here and put into operation; still operating.
1889
The Western Alaska Packing Co. built a cannery at Ozernoy on
the western side of Stepovak Bay. Packs were made in 1889 and 1890 but fish
were so scarce that the cannery was dismantled in 1891 and the site abandoned.
The Thin Point Packing Co. was organized by Louis Sloss
& Co. of San Francisco and operated at
Thin Point, near the extreme western end of the Alaska Peninsula, until 1891.
In 1893 the plant became a member of the Alaska Packers Association and was
moved during 1894 to Naknek River to become part of the Arctic Packing Co.
In 1890 the cannery ship “Oneida” struck on the Sanaks while
enroute for the cannery and lost nearly all of the 77 Chinese on board.
1890
The Central Alaska Co. moved its cannery from Kayak Island,
near Katalla in Central Alaska, to Thin Point on the Alaska Peninsula. Operated
in 1890, 1891 and 1892, then became a member of the Alaska Packers Association
but was no longer operated. In 1895 the available machinery was moved to
Koggiung on the Kvichak River.
The Bering Sea Packing Co. built the first cannery on the
Ugashik River, about 23 miles above Smoky Point. A pack was made in 1891, then closed
as the site proved unsuitable. Plant was moved in 1893 to about 15 miles above
Smoky Point and operated through 1896. Cannery then sold to Alaska Packers
Association; equipment moved to one of their
own canneries and site abandoned.
1894
The Naknek Packing Co. purchased the saltery station of L.
A. Peterson and erected a cannery, about three miles from the mouth of the Naknek
River (Naknek Village). In 1928 this cannery merged with the Red Salmon Canning
Co., under which name they operated until 1930 when the cannery was closed and
not reopened.
The Alaska Packers built a cannery at the saltery station of
the Arctic Packing Co. on the Naknek River; moved the machinery from the Thin
Point Packing Co., and are still operating under the name Diamond NN.
1895
The Alaska Packers Association built a cannery known as the
Ugashik Fishing Station above Pilot Station, twelve miles from the bar on the Ugashik
River. Packed from 1896 through 1907. In 1906 the equipment for Ugashik was
lost in the San Francisco fire and their Coffee Creek cannery building at
Kvichak was also destroyed by fire. The salvaged
equipment of the Coffee Creek cannery was sent to Ugashik
and Ufe plant then operated as a cannery for its last pack. Was later used as a
saltery station.
The Point Roberts Packing Co. built a cannery at Koggiung,
Kvichak Bay, is a member of the Alaska Packers Association and still operating as
Koggiung Cannery.
1899
The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. built a cannery on the eastern
shore of Nushagak Bay, at Nushagak Village. In 1901 the cannery was sold to the
Pacific Packing & Navigation Co.; then sold in 1904 to Northwestern Fisheries
and operated until 1932, then leased to the Pacific American Fisheries. PAF
purchased the cannery in 1933 but it was not reopened.
The Egegik Packing Co., a member of the Alaska Packers
Assn., built a cannery on the left bank of the Egegik River above the saltery
station of the Alaska Packers. Was completed in 1900 and has operated each year
since, except for 1905 and 1906.
1900
The North Alaska Salmon Co. built two canneries above
Koggiung on Kvichak Bay about 1,000 feet apart; however, only one cannery
operated after 1905. Libby, McNeill & Libby purchased both plants in 1916
and operated until 1936 when a mud flat which had formed in front forced abandonment
of the sites.
The Kvichak Packing Co., member of the Alaska Packers Assn.,
built a cannery at Bear Slough, Kvichak River, called Coffee Creek or Diamond X;
last operated in 1941.
The Bristol Packing Co. built a cannery on the left bank of
the Ugashik River, about 25 miles from Smoky Point; operated until 1906. Part
of plant used for a few years thereafter as a saltery station.
1901
The Alaska Salmon Co. built a cannery on Wood River in
Nushagak Bay and operated until 1942. Then the cannery changed its name to
Bristol Bay Packing Co. purchased the old Alaska Packers cannery at Dillingham,
and operated at that location.
The Alaska Portland Packers built a cannery at Nushagak
River. The plant was destroyed by fire August 10, 1910, but was rebuilt for
operation the following year. This property was then transferred to Pacific American
Fisheries in 1934 and is still in operation.
The Columbia River Packers built a cannery on Nushagak River
and are still operating. Stockholders have changed but packing name remains the
same.
The Red Salmon Canning Co. built a cannery still farther up
the Ugashik River from Alaska Packers. This cannery was idle from 1939 until
1942, then leased to L. G. Wingard Packing Co.; still in operation. The Alaska
Packers Assn. built another cannery nearer the mouth of the Naknek River, the
Diamond 0, but ceased operation in 1929. Salmon then packed at either Diamond M
or Diamond NN, farther up the river.
The Alaska Packers Assn. built a cannery 15 miles above
their cannery on Ugashik River; operated until 1906. Was later dismantled.
1903
The North Alaska Salmon Co. started a new cannery at
Nushagak Bay at Ekuk Spit. Libby, McNeill & Libby purchased this cannery in
1916 and are still operating it.
The North Alaska Salmon Co. built and operated a new cannery
across from the Alaska Packers on Egegik River. Was operated after 1913 by
Libby, McNeill & Libby except from 1941 until 1946; rebuilt in 1947 and still
operating.
The Alaska Fishermans Packing Co. built a cannery below that
of the Pacific Steam Whaling Co. in Nushagak Bay; operated until 1913 when control
passed to Libby, McNeill & Libby. Cannery burned in 1915; rebuilt for
operation following year; closed in 1936 because of mud flat formation at dock.
1904
The Union Packing Co. established a cannery above the North
Alaska Salmon Co. in Kvichak Bay, having moved the plant from Kell Bay,
Southeastern Alaska. Packs were made until 1907 and then abandoned.
The North Alaska Salmon Co. built a cannery at Hallersville
on Lockanok River, Kvichak Bay; abandoned in 1913 when a mud flat formed in front
of the cannery prohibiting tenders and scows from landing at dock. Sold to
Libby, McNeill & Libby in 1916 but not operated.
1910
The Alaska Fisherman Packing Co. purchased the saltery of
Olsen & Co. at Kvichak Bay and converted it to a cannery; packed through
1913 when Libby, McNeill & Libby purchased this and the Nushagak plant, continuing
to operate under the same name. Burned out in 1915 but rebuilt and operated in
1916. Has operated since 1917 under name Libby, McNeill & Libby, Koggiung.
The Bristol Bay Packing Co. started a cannery at Kvichak
Bay. This plant burned in 1936 with a considerable part of a season’s pack.
Rebuilt in 1937 (see 1937).
1911
The Alaska Packers built a third cannery close to the mouth
of the Naknek River, calling the cannery Diamond M; made its last pack in 1941.
Packs for this cannery were then made at NN, or at Koggiung, which was rebuilt
in 1946.
The Pacific American Fisheries built a cannery at King Cove,
a few miles east of Thin Point, on the south side of the Alaska Peninsula.
Still operating.
1912
The Pacific American Fisheries built a cannery at Port
Moller but did not operate that year. Operated in 1913 and still operating.
1913
The North Alaska Salmon Co. built a cannery at Peterson
Point, Kvichak Bay. In 1916 Libby, McNeill & Libby purchased all the plants
of this company. Using the machinery from the Hallersville cannery, Libbyville has
operated continuously except for the years 1941 through 1946.
1915
The Nelson Lagoon Packing Co. started a cannery at Nelson
Lagoon, Alaska Peninsula. This cannery was dropped from the active list of canneries
in 1927 as it had not operated for several years.
1916
The Pacific American Fisheries built a cannery at Ikatan,
Unalaska Island. This cannery made its last pack in 1933; the machinery was removed
and the fish packed at their King Cove plant.
The Red Salmon Canning Co. built a cannery two miles above
the Naknek Packing Co. on the Naknek River. Still operating.
The Bering Sea Packing Co. built a cannery at Herendeen Bay.
In 1918 they sold this cannery to the Everett Packing Co., which sold in 1919
to the Herendeen Bay Consolidated Canneries. In 1933 this operation ceased and
canning has been carried on by a floater.
1917
The Sockeye Salmon Co. built a cannery at Morzhovia Bay, a
few miles from Isanotski Strait. In 1920 they moved to the Unimak side of the strait and leased the cannery to P. E. Harris
& Co. which purchased it in 1921. This cannery was listed as False Pass
after 1930 instead ofIsanotski Strait and is still operating.
The Phenix Packing Co. started a new cannery at Herendeen
Bay; sold to the Pacific American Fisheries in 1923. This cannery was dropped
from the active list in 1927 as they had not operated for several years. The
Pacific American Fisheries built a cannery at Ikatan on Isanotski Strait; operated
through 1934 when the machinery was removed and the cannery not reopened.
The Fidalgo Island Packing Co. started a new cannery at
Herendeen Bay; was dropped in 1927 from the active list of canneries.
1918
The Carlisle Packing Co. started a floating cannery at
Andreafsky, Yukon River; moved to Kwiguk Slough in 1919; moved in 1922 to
Kvichak Bay. Koggiung River; and in 1927 the Alaska Packers purchased the cannery
to consolidate with their two canneries, no longer using the Carlisle plant
which was then abandoned.
The Northwestern Fisheries Co. built a new cannery two miles
below the Naknek Packing Co. on Naknek River. All canneries of the Northwestern
Fisheries were leased to Pacific American Fisheries in 1933 with option to
purchase; none were operated. This plant, known as Nornek cannery, was purchased
by PAF in 1935 and operated in 1937, 1939, 1940 and 1941. Sold in 1944 to
Intercoastal Packing Co. but not operated
until 1947. Still operating under name of Columbia River
Packers Assn.
1919
The Alaska Portland Packers built a new cannery above the
Alaska Packers Diamond N on the right hand side of Naknek River. Sold to
Pacific American Fisheries in 1934 and still operating.
1920
The Shumagin Packing Co. installed machinery in their
saltery station at Squaw Harbor, Shumagin Islands. This plant was sold in 1934
to Pacific American Fisheries and still operates at this location.
The Alaska Packers Assn. started a new cannery on the
Ugashik River and operated until 1939 when the plant was closed. Has not
operated since but has been maintained by the Alaska Packers.
1923
The Alaska Salmon Co. opened a new cannery on the Kvichak
River at a location formrly operated as a saltery. Operated as a cannery in 1923;
thereafter used as a saltery station.
1925
The Nakat Packing Corp. purchased the salmon saltery of
Peter M. Nelson on Kvichak Bay. Bristol Bay; converted into a cannery and still
operating under the name Nakeen.
1937
The Bristol Bay Packing Co. had completed one of two new
canneries, to replace the buildings lost by fire in 1936. Plant was operated
during the season with six lines of machinery. In 1938 the Bristol Bay Packing
Co. was merged into the Alaska Salmon Co. but did not operate. Reverted to
Bristol Bay Packing Co. in 1945; still operating. (Refer to 1910).
1938
A new four line cannery was built at Naknek by the Thompson
Salmon Co., a subsidiary of the Columbia River Packers. Still operating.
1947
The Egegik Packing Co., a new concern, packed salmon that
fall season at Egegik and are still operating.
There have been no new installations of shore plants since
1947. [As of 1950]
Compiled by Lewis G.
MacDonald from records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Fish & Wildlife Service
and other sources.
The histories of salmon cannery operations in Southeastern
and in Western Alaska were compiled for the 1949 and 1950 Annual Reports,
respectively. In this, the 1951 Annual Report, a study is made of cannery
operations in Central Alaska from the year 1882 when the Alaska Packing Company
built the first cannery on Cook Inlet at Kasilof.
One hundred and forty-seven canneries have been built in
Central Alaska in the last 69 years—investments in the "silver horde"
by men of foresight and courage. Ninety-three canneries have been abandoned,
burned or moved to different sites leaving a row of piling, pilfered buildings
and rotting timbers, often sad reminders of lost hopes, standing against the
dark timber of the wild Alaska coastline. Throughout the years numerous
canneries have consolidated. At the present time 59 plants are operating in
Central Alaska.
The early history of cannery operations is a story of
over-expansion, tremendous investments in the new frontier. In 1889, the peak
year in the establishment of canneries, 12 canneries were built in Central
Alaska.
None of them are in operation today, and few operated beyond
the turn of the century. Such over-expansion resulted in serious price
declines, and many owners went bankrupt.
Because of the dangers of bankruptcy if over-production
continued, a movement to unify control of production and marketing began. The
first attempts at unified control were cooperative working agreements between a
limited number of individual cannery owners. The movement grew and by 1891
almost all the operators in Central Alaska were included. Marketing pools were
formed, quotas were assigned to individual plants, and many canneries were
closed in order that expenses might be saved and the mounting output, which was
demoralizing primary markets, might be restricted. An outgrowth of the early
movement, the Alaska Packing Association, was formed in 1892. Essentially a
profit-sharing organization, it included 31 canneries, nine of which continued
to operate. The cannery owners were given shares in the pool. The number of
shares given to each operator in the association was in proportion to the size
of his pack of the previous year. The reported output was reduced by one-half;
and therefore, the measure acted as an early tool of conservation in addition
to stabilizing the market. In 1893 the Alaska Packing Association was
incorporated into the Alaska Packers Association. The pooled canneries were
valued at $1,033,850; and the individual owners received stock proportionate to
the value of their properties. Led by San Francisco interests this first
important consolidation included 90 % of all the plants operating in Alaska.
Their combined pack equaled 72% of the Territorial output of 653,654 cases.
In 1901, the second important merger took place when the
Pacific Packing and Navigation Company was formed. The new merger was a
complete financial failure; and the assets were taken over in 1904 by the
Northwestern Fisheries Company, a subsidiary corporation of the Booth
Fisheries. Numerous acquisitions of plants were made during these early years
by the well-known packing firms of Libby, McNeill & Libby and the
Pacific American Fisheries, Inc.
Following is a chronological list of the canneries built in
Central Alaska in the last 69 years, from 1882 to 1951. Their location is given
and the story of their operations is told:
1882
The Alaska Packing Co. of San Francisco built the first
cannery on Cook Inlet at Kasilof on the right bank of the Kasilof River near
the mouth. Machinery was salvaged from the Old Sitka cannery which had been
erected by the Cutting Packing Co. in 1878. The Alaska Packing Co. cannery was
sold to the Arctic Fishing Co. in 1885. It operated for five years when the
loss of its cannery ship forced it to close for the season. In 1893, it was
merged with the Alaska Packers Association and continued operations until 1905
when the plant burned during the height of the fishing season. It was rebuilt
the next spring and operated until 1922. Finally, in 1938, the Kasilof plant
was dropped from the active list of canneries.
The first cannery on Kodiak Island was built by Smith and
Hirsh who had been engaged in salting salmon on Karluk Spit. Smith & Hirsh
operated the cannery until 1884 when it was reorganized as the Karluk Packing
Co. In 1893 the Karluk Packing Co. joined the Alaska Packers Association. It
continued in operation until 1911 when canning operations were transferred to a
new cannery in Larson Bay.
1888
Five canneries were built in Central Alaska in 1888. Four of
them became members of the Alaska Packers Association in 1893 and ceased
operations before the turn of the century. The Alaska Improvement Co. cannery
did not join this original merger, but was later sold to the Alaska Packers
Association and continued in operation at that location until 1911.
The Northern Packing Co. built a cannery on the eastern
shore of Cook Inlet at Kenai near the mouth of the Kenai River. The cannery
operated through the 1891 season and merged with the Alaska Packers Association
in 1893.
A cannery was built on the eastern side of the Karluk Spit
by the Kodiak Packing Co. The plant operated from the spring of 1888 to the
fall of 1891. The Kodiak Packing Co. joined the Alaska Packers Association in
1893, and the cannery at Karluk did not operate again.
The Aleutian Fishing and Mining Co. built a cannery 500
yards west of the Kodiak Packing Co. In 1892, it consolidated with the Hume
Packing Co. and in 1893 the consolidation became a member of the Alaska Packers
Association. The plant operated through the 1900 fishing season.
On the south bank at the outlet of the Karluk River, facing
Shelikof Strait, across from the point of the spit, a cannery was built by the
Alaska Improvement Co. The cannery was ready for operation in the spring of
1888, but because of the loss of the cannery ship “Julia Ford” it remained
inactive. The Alaska Improvement Co. was sold to the Alaska Packers Association
in 1897 and continued packing until 1911 when all canning operations by the
Packers were ceased on Karluk Spit because of the difficulty of handling pack
and supplies. The Karluk catch was later put up at Larson Bay.
The Arctic Packing Co. built a cannery immediately within
the entrance of Larson Bay on the north shore and operated until 1890. The
company joined the Packers in 1893, and it was dismantled in 1896.
1889
The Chignik Bay Co., a consolidation of three canneries, is
the only one of the 12 canneries built in Central Alaska in 1889 that is still operating today. The Arctic Packing Co. on Kodiak
Island was dropped from the active list in 1936. The old Orca cannery operated
until 1945 when the plant was torn down. The Odiak cannery operated until 1906.
The remaining canneries ceased operations before 1900.
The Chignik Bay Co. built a cannery on the eastern shore of
the Chignik Lagoon two and one-half miles from the entrance of Chignik Bay. The
Shumagin Packing Co. and the Chignik Bay Packing Co. built canneries near the
Chignik Bay Co. but both canneries ceased operating in 1891. The three firms
reached a working agreement in 1892 when machinery and buildings were
consolidated. In 1893 they joined the Alaska Packers Association. The Chignik
Bay Co. is operating today.
The Arctic Packing Co. built a cannery on the north central
shore of Olga Bay which is a branch of Alitak Bay on Kodiak Island. The company
joined the Alaska Packers Association in 1893, and it continued in operation
until 1932. It was dropped from the active list in 1936 and it is not likely
that it will operate again.
The Kodiak Packing Co. built a cannery at Snug Cove, a
harbor in the narrows which connect Olga Bay with Alitak Bay on Kodiak Island.
The plant operated two seasons and in 1891 the Arctic Packing Co. handled their
catch. The Kodiak Packing Co. was dismantled in 1893 when it joined the Alaska
Packers Association.
The Hume Packing Co. built a cannery on Karluk Spit 400
yards west of the Kodiak Packing Co. cannery (l888). In 1892 the Hume Packing
Co. consolidated with the Aleutian Islands Fishing and Mining Co. which had
built a cannery 100 yards west of the Hume cannery in 1888. The consolidated
firm did not operate after the 1892 season, and in 1893 it became a member of
the Alaska Packers Association.
The Royal Packing Co. built a cannery at the head of Afognak
Bay and operated it through the 1892 fishing season. It became a member of the
Alaska Packers Association in 1893.
The Russian-American Packing Co. built a cannery adjacent to
the Royal Packing Co. and operated it for two seasons. The cannery merged with
the Packers in 1893.
In accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 3, 1891,
the President, by Proclamation of December 24, 1892, set aside Afognak Island
and within one mile from the shores thereof as a fish-culture reserve for the use
of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. As a result, the two
canneries were forced to move from the island.
The Central Alaska Co. built a cannery at Wingham (Little
Kayak Island) 15 miles west of Cape Sucklin, in the spring of 1889. The cannery
made a fairly successful pack in the 1889 season, but the location was not
ideal. The cannery was moved to Thin Point on the southern side of the Alaska
Peninsula the following spring.
The Peninsula Trading & Fishing Co. built a cannery on
Wingham Island. In 1891 the cannery was moved to the Coquenhena Slough of the
Copper River delta. It operated during the 1891 fishing season, but it remained
closed during the 1892 and 1893 seasons. The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. operated
the plant until 1897 when it was abandoned.
The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. established a cannery near the
present site of Cordova in 1889. In 1895 the canning equipment was moved to the
location known as Orca, three miles from Cordova. Six years later the plant was
taken over by the Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. When the latter’s assets
were sold in 1904, the cannery was under lease to Captain Omar J. Humphrey who sold it in 1908 to the
Northwestern Fisheries Co. which bought most of the plants belonging to the
defunct Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. The plant closed in 1919. It was
re-opened in 1928 and operated until 1932. In 1933 it was sold to the Pacific
American Fisheries Co. After a four year closure the cannery was leased and
operated by the Pioneer Sea Foods Co. In 1940 the plant was leased to J. N.
Gilbert who packed under the name of the Orca Packing Co. After the Cordova
cannery fire of 1944, which destroyed the New England Fish cannery, the New
England Fish Co. leased the old Orca cannery. In 1945 the old plant was torn
down.
The Pacific Packing Co. owned by Louis Sloss and Co. of San
Francisco built the Odiak cannery near the present site of Cordova. The cannery
operated two years, remained closed during the 1892 season, and joined the
Alaska Packers Association in 1893. The Packers operated the cannery through
the 1905 season and sold it in 1906 to the Copper River & Northwestern
Railway Co., which was preparing to build a railroad from Odiak to the
headwaters of the Copper River.
1890
George W. Hume of San Francisco built a cannery at Kasilof
near the Alaska Packing Co. cannery (1882). The Hume cannery operated through
the 1892 season. In 1893 it joined the Alaska Packers Association and was
consolidated with the plant of the Arctic Fishing Co.
1893
The Hume Canning & Trading Co. built a cannery on the
beach near Karluk Head three-fourths of a mile southwest of the Alaska
Improvement Co. It was operated in 1893 and 1894 and in 1895 it was sold to the
Alaska Packers Association which operated it until 1911 when the catch was
transferred to Larson Bay.
1896
The Hume Bros. & Hume Co. built a cannery on the eastern
side of Anchorage Bay in the Chignik area and made a pack in 1896 and 1897. In
1901 it joined the Pacific Packing & Navigation Co. which failed in 1904.
The property was thrown on the market and was purchased by the Northwestern
Fisheries Co. which permanently closed the plant in 1905.
The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. built a cannery one-fourth
mile south of the Hume cannery in the Chignik Bay area. It made a successful
pack in 1896 and 1897. In 1901 it joined the Pacific Packing & Navigation
Co. When the latter failed, the cannery was purchased and operated by the
Northwestern Fisheries Co. All Northwestern Fisheries plants were leased by the
Pacific American Fisheries in 1933 with option to buy, but none of the
canneries were operated. The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. cannery was last
operated in 1932. It was dropped from the list of operating canneries in 1938.
The Alaska Packers Association built a cannery in Uganik Bay
on Kodiak Island and made packs in 1896 and 1897. The plant was abandoned in
1900.
1897
The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. built a cannery at Kenai in
1897, but it did not install machinery or operate the plant until the following
season. In 1901 the cannery was taken over by the Pacific Packing &
Navigation Co. The cannery was destroyed by fire two years later. The site
passed to the Northwestern Fisheries Co. in 1905. The San Juan Fishing &
Packing Co. used the site as a mild-curing establishment in 1907 and 1908. The
Northwestern Fisheries built a new plant in 1910 which operated until 1931
except for a two year period beginning 1921. The plant burned down a second
time just before the season opened in 1916; but it was
rebuilt in time to operate during the 1917 season. The cannery was used for the
last time in 1931. It was sold to the Pacific American Fisheries in 1933, and
it was eliminated from the list of active canneries in 1940.
The Pacific Steam Whaling Co. erected a cannery at Uyak
Anchorage on Kodiak Island. The Hume Bros. & Hume Co. built a cannery
nearby. In 1901 the two canneries merged into the Pacific Packing &
Navigation Co. In 1905 the Uyak plants were purchased by the Northwestern
Fisheries Co. In 1905 the Hume Bros. & Hume Co. plant burned, and it was
not rebuilt. The remaining plant ceased operations in 1931. It was purchased by
the Pacific American Fisheries in 1933, and it was dropped from the active list
of canneries in 1936.
1899
The Alaska Salmon Association purchased C. D. Ladd’s saltery
at the mouth of the Chuitna River six miles above Tyonek. They built a cannery
at this location in 1900. The cannery was operated two years and abandoned.
1910
The Columbia River Packers built a cannery at Anchorage Bay
in the Chignik Bay area. In 1941 this plant was purchased by the Alaska Packers
Association. It is still in operation.
1911
The Seldovia Co. built a cannery at. Seldovia and operated
it until late 1915, When the Seldovia Salmon Co. discontinued business by sale
of its cannery at bankruptcy proceedings held in Seattle in March, 1916, the
Columbia Salmon Co. incorporated to take over and operate the cannery. The
plant closed in 1919. In 1922 it was succeeded by the Seldovia Packing Co. In
1923 the Alaska Year-Round Canneries operated jointly at the Seldovia plant.
The Seldovia plant is still operating.
The Alaska Packers Association built a new cannery at Larson
Bay at the old location on the spit. Because several ships were lost while
engaged in loading and unloading at the anchorage off Karluk, the plant was moved
to the new cannery at the spit site at Larson Bay. The Larson Bay cannery
packed the entire Karluk catch for the association until 1939 when it ceased
operations. It was modernized and reopened in 1946, but t1crsed again in 1950.
The Alaska Packers Association catch is now packed at the new Port Bailey
cannery.
1912
The Fidalgo Island Packing Co. built a cannery at Port
Graham on the southwest tip of the Kenai Peninsula. A pack has been made each
season since 1912. A cannery, which has been in operation since 1912, was built
by Libby, McNeill & Libby at Kenai. The Kadiak Fisheries Co. built a
cannery at Kodiak. In 1938 a modern plant, constructed and operated at Port
Bailey, replaced the Kodiak plant.
1915
The Canoe Pass Packing Co. built a cannery at Canoe Pass in
Southeastern Alaska in 1912 but it did not operate at that location. In 1915 the
machinery was moved to Cordova where it was installed in a rented building. In
1917 the company built a cannery at Shepard Point near Cordova. It consolidated
with the Carlisle Packing Co. in 1924 and continued in operation at Shepard
Point. The plant was last operated in 1942 by the Central Alaska Packing Co. It
burned in 1945. The Copper River Packing Co. built a cannery on the Copper
River at Mile 55 and put up a successful pack
the same year. The cannery used no run boats, but it had an arrangement with
the Copper River & Northwestern Railroad Co. to haul fish from the fishing
stations to the cannery and to bring the finished product to Cordova for
shipment by steamer. In 1918 the name was changed to the Abercrombie Packing
Co. The plant was abandoned in 1920.
The Deep Sea Salmon Co., which operated a cannery in
Southeastern Alaska, built a plant near Knik on the west side of Cook Inlet and
made a small pack. The plant was abandoned at the end of the 1917 season, and
part of the equipment was sold.
1916
The Hoonah Packing Co. built and operated a cannery on
Bering River. The cannery last operated in 1928 when it was leased to the
Pacific American Fisheries Co. It was dropped from the list of operators in
1936, and it is not probable that this plant will operate again.
The Clark-Graham Co. built a cannery at Eyak a few miles
from Cordova. The plant was sold to the Eyak River Packing Co. in 1919 and sold
again to the Pioneer Sea Foods Co. in 1924. It was destroyed by fire in
November, 1935.
The Carlisle Packing Co. built a cannery at Cordova. In 1922
the Carlisle plant consolidated with the Canoe Pass Packing Co. In 1927 the New
England Fish Co. purchased and operated the plant which burned in 1945. The
consolidated company was rebuilt and operated by the New England Fish Co.
1917
The Sockeye Salmon Co. built a new cannery at Morzhovoi Bay
near False Pass on the Alaska Peninsula. In 1920 the cannery was leased to P.
E. Harris & Co. who changed the name of the location to Isanotski Strait.
P. E. Harris & Co. finally purchased the plant which is still in operation.
The Northwestern Fisheries Co. built and operated a new
cannery at Kenai. The cannery was sold to the Pacific American Fisheries in
1931 when it ceased operations. It was dropped from the list of active
canneries in 1940, and by all indications this plant will not operate again.
A cannery was built at Cordova by the Lighthouse Canning Co.
It was sold to the Hillery-Scott Co. in 1919. In 1922 it was transferred to the
Cordova Packing Co. which is primarily a clam canning company.
The Moore Packing Co. built a cannery at Cordova and
operated it until 1927 when they sold it to the Premier Salmon Packing Co. The
plant was last operated in 1936; it was dropped from the active list of
canneries in 1942.
The San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. opened a cannery in
Seward. The plant was moved to Evans Bay (Port San Juan) near Latouche, which
is located in Prince William Sound, in 1924. The cannery is still in operation.
The Valdez Packing Co. opened a plant at Valdez. In 1921 the
cannery was leased to Joseph Emel. In 1922 the Valdez Packing Co. cannery was
operated by the Emel Packing Co. The Pacific American Fisheries purchased the
plant in 1930 and operated it until 1931. The operation was dropped from the
active list of canneries in 1936.
A cannery built by the Copper River Packing Co. at Port
Nellie Juan is in active operation today.
1918
The Alitak Packing Co. built a cannery on Alitak Bay. In
1929 the Pacific American Fisheries operated the plant as the Alitak Fish Co.
In 1934 direct ownership was acquired by the
Pacific American Fisheries. The plant is operating today.
The Kenai Packing Co. built a cannery at Drier Bay near
Latouche. In 1924 Gorman & Co. leased the plant which had not operated
since 1920. In 1929 the Alaska Pacific Salmon Corporation acquired and operated
the plant. The San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. purchased and dismantled it
in 1938.
The Alaska Sea Food Co. started a cannery at Cordova. In
1924 it consolidated with the Canoe Pass Packing Co., and the cannery no longer
operated. The plant was purchased in 1935 by a new organization, the W. R.
Gilbert Co. which operated it until 1935. In 1945 the plant was torn down and
machinery and materials were moved to the old Strand-Jensen Fisheries plant at
Cordova where it was operated by the Gilbert Co.
1919
A cannery was started by the Franklin Packing Co. at Sawmill
Bay-Port Ashton in Prince William Sound. In 1919 the Alaska Pacific Salmon
Corporation leased and operated the plant. In 1920 it was taken over and
operated by the Shepard Point Packing Co. The plant engaged solely in the manufacture
of herring oil and meal in 1937, but it began packing salmon again in 1938.
Since 1942 this plant has operated as the Port Ashton Packing Co.
The Surf Packing Co. started a cannery at Snug Harbor in
western Cook Inlet. In 1922
the Polar Fisheries Co. operated this plant. In 1923 it was purchased by G. P.
Halferty who carried on operations in Cordova under the name of The Pioneer
Canneries Inc. In 1927 the Snug Harbor Packing Co. took over and operated the
cannery which had been closed since 1923. It is in operation today.
1920
The Arctic Packing Co. built a cannery at English Bay near
Seldovia. In 1927 the plant was moved to Port Graham where it put up a small
pack and was closed in 1930.
The Bainbridge Fisheries Co. started a new cannery on Evans
Island in Prince William Sound. The company was reorganized in 1923 and the
plant was moved to Flemming Island which is approximately 10 miles north of the
first location. One pack was put up at the new location before the cannery closed.
The Central Alaska Fisheries Company started a new cannery
at Drier Bay near Latouche. In 1927 the Gorman Packing Corporation purchased
the cannery which had been used as a herring plant. When the New England Fish
Company’s lease with the Prince Packing Co. terminated in 1928, the Drier Bay
cannery was leased by the New England Fish Co. which operated it until 1931.
The King Salmon Fisheries Co. started a cannery at Zachar
Bay on Kodiak Island. In 1924 this plant was sold to the Unakwik Packing Co.
which in turn leased it to the Pacific American Fisheries; 1928 was the last
year the plant operated. In 1929 the Pacific American Fisheries Co. purchased
the plant as the Alitak Fish Co. It was dropped from the active list in 1938.
The Shumagin Packing Co. built a cannery at Squaw Harbor in
the Shumagin Islands. In 1934 the Pacific American Fisheries Co. purchased the
plant. It is still operating.
1921 The Katmai Packing Co. started a cannery at Uzinki near
Kodiak which they later sold to the International Packing Co. The cannery
ceased operation in 1930 and was dismantled
three years later.
1922
The Anchorage Packing Co. built a new cannery at Anchorage.
In 1924 Gorman & Co. purchased the plant but did not operate it. Last
operated in 1928, it was dismantled in 1930.
The Kamishak Canning Co. built a cannery at Kamishak Bay,
but it put
up only one pack. The plant was not used again.
The Kodiak Island Fishing and Packing Co. started a new
cannery at Seward. It ceased operating in 1924, and it was dropped from the
list of active canneries in 1930.
The North Coast Packing Co. built a cannery at Ninilchik in
Cook Inlet. It closed in 1938 and was dropped from the list of active canneries.
It is unlikely that it will operate again.
The Hopp & Danielson Co. started a new cannery at Uganik
Bay and operated one year.
The Pioneer Packing Co. built a cannery at Cordova. In 1941
the plant operated under the name G. P. Halferty & Co. In 1950 this company
merged with the Whiz Fish Products Co. and was renamed the Whiz Halferty Co.
1923
The Kodiak Island Fishing and Packing Co. built a cannery in
Uganik Bay. In l930 the firm name was changed to Uganik Fisheries, Inc. In 1945
the San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. purchased the plant which is now operating.
Pajoman & Trout built a cannery on Raspberry Island and
operated it one year. In 1927 the company completed a new cannery nearby. Two
years later Charles W. Pajoman purchased Roy Trout’s interest and carried on
the operation. The cannery was leased to Apex Fish Co. in 1933 and 1934 as a
herring saltery. It was sold to Southwest Fisheries in 1935 and was operated as
a herring reduction plant until 1949 when a modern one -line cannery was
installed. The plant was burned in the fall of 1951 but the pack was saved.
The Northern Light Packing Co. built a cannery at Mountain
Slough and operated it until 1932. In 1934 the plant was taken over and
operated by Mr. W. Utness. In 1939 it began operating as the Crystal Falls Fish
Co. It is now in operation.
The Alaska Year-Round Canneries Co. started a joint
operation with the Seldovia Packing Co. In 1924 the operating name was changed
to Alaska Year-Round & Cook Inlet Packing Co. to cover joint operation of
the Alaska Year-Round Canneries and the new Cook Inlet Packing Co. It operated
independently in 1925.
1924
The Hemrich Packing Co. built a cannery at Kukak Bay and
leased it the following year to the Seashore Packing Co. The Hemrich Packing
Co. operated the cannery in 1928, but they leased it again in 1929 to the
Seashore Packing Co. In 1932 the cannery was taken over and operated by the
Pioneer Packing Co.; the lease was terminated in 1933 and the plant was closed.
Henry J. Emard built a cannery at Moose Point in Cook Inlet.
In 1925 the machinery was set up in the Gorman & Co. plant in Anchorage and
the cannery at Moose Point was no longer operated.
1925
The Cook Inlet Packing Co., independent of the Alaska
Year-Round Canneries, built a small one-line cannery at Seldovia which it has
operated up to the present time.
W. A. Keller opened a small hand plant at Deep Creek on Cook
Inlet. In 1929 the company was succeeded by
the Anderson Mercantile Co. which operated for the last time in 1932. The plant
was closed permanently in 1938.
1926
A new cannery, the Alaska General Fisheries, was built by J.
A. Magill at Anchorage. The plant was sold to the Farwest Fisheries Co. Inc. in
1930. The property was purchased by the General Fish Co. in 1934 but it
remained idle during the 1934 season. The Snug Harbor Packing Co. put up one pack
at the plant, but the cannery was last used in 1933 and it was dropped from the
list of active canneries in 1938.
The Cordova Packing Co. prepared a pack of salmon in its
clam cannery which had been operated as a salmon cannery by the Hillery Scott
Co. at one time. The plant was purchased and operated by the Strand-Jensen
Fisheries for a five year period beginning in 1932. In 1945 the plant was
remodeled and operated by the W. R. Gilbert Company which transferred machinery
from the Point Whitshed cannery. The Whiz Fish Products Co. merged with G. P.
Halferty, and the cannery is now operated by the new firm which is known as the
Whiz Halferty Co.
The Kadiak Fisheries Co. built a cannery at Shearwater Bay,
Kodiak Island. The plant was wrecked by a windstorm in 1926 and it was
completely rebuilt in 1928. It is still operating.
The San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. put in a line of
salmon canning machinery in its herring plant at Uganik Bay. It is not
operating today.
The Strawberry Point Packing Co. enlarged its clam cannery
at Boswell Bay and installed salmon canning machinery. The cannery was burned
October 13 and was not rebuilt.
1927
Nordin and Wik put up a small pack at their hand cannery at
Nikishka in Cook Inlet. John Wik carried on the operation in 1928. The cannery
was last operated in 1933 and it was dropped from the list of active canneries
in 1938. The Kenai River Packing Co. built and operated a one-line cannery on
the Kenai River. In 1941 the cannery was reorganized and operated as the
Standard Packing Co. The Berry Packing Co. operated the plant in 1942.
Operations discontinued in 1942 and the plant was dismantled.
O. L. Grimes, the Grimes Packing Co., installed a one-line
outfit on his dock at Uzinki on Spruce Island near Kodiak. It is still
operating.
1928
W. G. Culver put up a small pack in a hand cannery at Point
McManus in the Cook Inlet area. The cannery operated only one season and was
dropped from the cannery list in 1938. George Valair put up a small pack in a
hand cannery at Nikishka Bay in the Cook Inlet area. In 1929 the plant was
taken over by a new firm, the Spur Fish Corporation, which operated it through
the 1931 season. Jake Young put up a small pack in a hand cannery at Portlock
on the Kenai Peninsula, operated two seasons and closed.
H. J. Emard, who had sold his holdings at Moose Point to
Gorman & Co. started a new one-line cannery at Anchorage. It is in
operation.
Edward Gustan put up a pack of salmon in his plant at Point
Possession in Cook Inlet. The plant was operated by a partnership. Gustan &
Hartley in 1929, and by a new partnership, Gustan & Vogel, in 1930. The
plant was last operated in 1931, and it was dropped from the active list seven
years later.
The San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. installed machinery
in the saltery buildings at Tutka Bay, Cook Inlet, and operated for three
years. The property was sold to the Fidalgo
Island Packing Co. in 1934. They dismantled the cannery.
The Sunset Packing Co. started a one-line cannery at Otter
Creek, Cook Inlet, and operated it in 1928 and 1929. They closed permanently at
the end of the 1929 fishing season.
A one-line cannery was started at Anchorage and operated by
J. F. Toman until 1930. H. C. Bennett purchased the plant in 1932. It was sold
to the Kustatan Packing Co. in 1934. The plant was purchased in 1937 by the
General Fish Co., Inc., which is operating it today.
Nordin & Sandvik started a one-line cannery at Swanson’s
Creek, Cook Inlet. In 1929 the operation was carried on by E. Sandvik. The
cannery was last operated in 1932, and it was dropped from the list of active
canneries in 1938.
The Trinity Packing Co. purchased buildings from the Caw
Packing Co. and established a cannery at Three Saints Bay in the Kodiak area.
In 1931, the plant was destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt.
The Anchorage Sanitary Hand Packers put up a small pack at
Anchorage.
At Zachar Bay on Kodiak Island the Robinson Packing
Corporation erected a new shore plant to replace the floater, Azalea, which had
been sold. In 1929 the plant was taken over by the Pacific American Fisheries
Co. 3.nd was operated under the name of Alitak Fish Co. Direct ownership of the
cannery was acquired by the Pacific American Fisheries in 1934. They did not
operate the cannery again, and it was dropped from the list of active canneries
in 1938.
1929
The Ninilchik Packing Co. started a small hand cannery which
operated until 1926. The Point Possession Fish Co. at Point Possession on Cook
Inlet started a hand cannery which operated until 1931. Harvey Smith started a
hand cannery at West Foreland on Cook Inlet and operated until 1930.
The West Coast Canning Co. started a hand cannery at
Kustatan on Cook Inlet near West Foreland. In 1934 the Kustatan Packing Co.
moved to Anchorage and took over the Toman Packing Co. plant. The plant was
sold to General Fish Co. in 1937. It is now operating.
The Blue Island Packing Co. installed machinery and operated
a cannery in its herring saltery building at Blue Fox Bay on Afognak Island.
They packed salmon one year.
The Shelikof Packing Co., a firm organized by Roy Trout
(formerly of the partnership, Pajoman & Trout), operated a one-line plant
at Zachar Bay on Kodiak Island. The plant was leased in 1937 to the Kodiak
Fisheries Co. In 1939 the plant was purchased by the Chatham Strait Fish Co.,
remodeled and used as a herring reduction plant.
Seward Fisheries, Inc. packed salmon at Seward until 1935.
The plant was reopened and operated by Hagen & Co. in 1937. In 1946 the Resurrection
Bay Co. purchased and operated the plant.
1930
The business belonging to A. N. Nilson of Portlock, who had
prepared small packs of salmon in 1929, was included in the list of canneries.
The cannery burned during the winter of 1937-1938. It was rebuilt in 1940. The
cannery has been operated since 1942 by the Port Chatham Packing Co. The Port
Williams Packing Co. took over the herring saltery formerly operated by S.
Sklaroff & Son on Shuyak Island and converted it into a modern one-line
cannery. In 1934 the plant was leased to the Washington
Fish & Oyster Co. after being closed since 1930. It is operating
today.
The Redoubt Bay Packing Co. (Wik & Berg) on Cook Inlet,
which had put up a small pack in 1929, expanded its business. It was included in
the 1930 list of active canneries. The plant operated one season.
1931
Albert and Josie Sandvik started a cannery at Uganik Bay on
Kodiak Island. The plant had packed in 1929, but because of its small output,
it had not been included on the list of active canneries. The West Point
Packing Co. purchased the holdings of the plant in 1948. It is now operated by
Herbert C. Domenici.
1932
Harry W. Crosby (Chignik Packing Co.) built a cannery on the
west side of Chignik Lagoon and operated until 1942. In 1943 the plant was sold
to C. J. Sebastian, Roy Trout and J. T. Jones (Chignik Salmon Co.) who reopened
the plant in 1945. The cannery is operating today.
1933
The Enterprise Seafood Co. started a cannery at Ninilchik
and canned salmon one year. Clams have been canned since.
The Alaska Pacific Salmon Corporation built a cannery at
Sand Point on Popof Island in the Shumagin Islands. The cannery was last
operated in 1942. The cannery buildings burned and have not been rebuilt.
A. S. Day started a cannery at Fort Liscum near Valdez. In
1934 the operation was carried on by the North Pacific Sea Foods Co. The
cannery burned in 1936.
1934
The Cordova Fisheries Co. started a hand cannery at Cordova
and packed salmon one year. The cannery has been used for packing clams since
1934.
The Puget and Alaska Canning Co. started a salmon cannery at
Seldovia in a plant leased from the North Pacific Packing Co. The plant had
formerly been used for canning clams. The plant was taken over by a new
organization, the Kodiak Island Fishing, Trading & Packing Co. in 1940, and
by a new company, the Seldovia Packers, in 1945. In 1947 the cannery operated
as Alaska Seldovia Packers. It is operating today.
Herbert T. Domenici started a small cannery at Uyak and
operated it until 1937. The plant was taken over and operated by a new
organization, the Great Northern Packing Co., in 1938. In 1940 the newly
organized Parks Canning Co. purchased and operated the cannery which is
operating today.
1935
Scotty’s Packing Co. established a cannery at Hartney Point
in the building which had been used for clam canning operations by S. E. Smith.
Salmon was packed the one season and after 1936 clams were canned in the plant.
The Alaska Icepak Corporation at Cordova, which had been
engaged in canning crabs, packed salmon during the 1934 season. In 1936 the
plant was engaged only in the production of canned crabs and clams. It went
into receivership in June and was sold to satisfy judgment of the court.
The Glacier Sea Foods Co. erected a modern cannery at
Cordova to replace the floating plant which it had operated there, but work was
not completed in time for operation during the 1935 season. In 1936 the plant
was completed and put into operation. In 1940 the Pioneer Sea Food Co., whose
lease expired on the Pacific American Fisheries cannery at Orca, purchased and
operated the Cordova cannery which had been idle since
1935. In 1945 the operating name was changed to the Western
Fisheries Co., and the shore plant was operated by Western Fisheries Co. and
James W. Parks & Sons. It is now operating.
The Alaska Native Cooperative cannery was operated by a
group of natives at Sand Point Village in the Shumagin Islands. The cannery was
last operated during the 1942 fishing season. In 1947 the plant was purchased
by G. W. Skinner, but it has never been used by the new owner and it is
possible that it will never operate again.
1936
The Aleutian Fishing & Packing Co. built a single line
cannery at Sand Point and equipped it with modern high speed machinery. The
cannery operated one season. After the company put out a fish trap during the
season of 1947, all operations were discontinued.
The Halibut Bay Packing Co., which had been engaged in
packing clams at Carmel on the west coast of Kodiak Island, reorganized and
incorporated as the Alaska Red Salmon Packers, Inc. Equipment was transferred
from the dismantled Pacific American Fisheries plant at Uyak (1897). In 1946
the cannery was purchased and operated by the Orcas Canning Corporation. The
Kodiak Fisheries Co. acquired control of the Orcas Canning Corporation in 1946.
The Carmel plant is now closed.
1937
The Phillips Canning Corporation, which had put up a hand
pack since 1934, started a cannery at Valdez. The plant was not operated after
1937. The Standard· Salmon Co. leased the buildings and put up a pack in 1948.
The Gulf Packing Co., a crab cannery at Cordova, put up one
pack of salmon.
The North Pacific Sea Foods Co. built and operated a new
cannery at Swanport near Valdez, one-half· mile from the old cannery which was
destroyed by fire in 1936. In 1942 Herman J. Sontag canned salmon in this plant
under his own name. After 1943 the plant operated as the Dayville Packing Co.
It is operating today.
Frank McConaghy Co. operated a floater at Zachar Bay. In
1938 the plant was moved to Kodiak where it operated as a floater until 1941
when a shore plant was erected. In 1948 Whiz Fish Products purchased the plant
which is in active operation.
1938
The Kadiak Fisheries Co. completed construction of a modern
cannery at Port Bailey, 40 miles northwest of Kodiak. The plant was built to
replace the company’s cannery at Kodiak. The Shepard Point Packing Co. used its
plant at Port Ashton in Prince William Sound both for salmon canning and
herring operations, although it did not operate the cannery at Shepard Point.
In 1942 the Port Ashton plant was operated by the Port Ashton Packing Co. The
cannery is operating today. The Anchor Line Packing Co. established and
operated a small shore cannery on the Kenai River. In 1941 the company
reorganized and operated as the Standard Packing Co. In 1942 the Berry Packing
Co. operated the plant. In 1943 operations were discontinued and the plant was
dismantled.
1940
The Ellamar Packing Co. built and operated a one-line
cannery at Ellamar near Valdez on Prince William Sound. It is now operating.
The Far North Packing & Shipping Co. beached its floating cannery,
Commander, at Moser Bay on Kodiak Island and built shore installations. In 1946 Libby, McNeill & Libby purchased the
plant which is in active operation.
1941
Alfred Jones operated a hand pack cannery at Homer.
Operations were not continued after 1943.
1943
The Trading Bay Packers began operations in a small cannery
at Trading Bay in Cook Inlet. The cannery is operating today.
The Nikishka Bay Packing Co. put up a small pack at Nikishka
Bay near East Foreland on Cook Inlet. In 1945 the packing name was changed to
Seater Packing Company. The plant is now in operation.
The Polar Seafoods put up a small hand pack at Ninilchik.
1945
The New England Fish Company built and began operations in a
large new cannery at Cordova. The cannery is a modern, electric, three and
one-half line plant valued at one and a half million dollars.
1946
The Acme Packing Co. put up a small pack at Kenai
(Kalifonsky Beach) in 1946 but they did not operate in 1947.
Machinery salvaged from the Balcom Payne plant in
Southeastern Alaska was used to complete a new cannery at Kenai. In 1947 the company
was reorganized and packed under the name of the Anderson-Kenai operation.
The Cordova Packing Co. put up a small pack at Cordova in a
cannery which was destroyed by fire in 1949.
1947
Cronk Bros. took over the shellfish plant of Tapley & Cronk
at Cordova and canned salmon in 1947. Gilbert A. Vanborg hand packed smoked
salmon in small quantities at Cordova. The Buck Canning Co. hand packed smoked
salmon at Cordova in a plant which is primarily a clam cannery. The North
Pacific Packing Co. put up a few cases of salmon, salmon loaf, and rock cod at
Cordova. The company is in active operation. The Alaska Shellfish Company,
which previously processed only shellfish, canned salmon at Seldovia in 1947.
The plant is now operating.
The Kasilof Canning Co. put up a hand pack at Kasilof on
Cook Inlet. The plant was operated by the Polar Sea Foods Co. for a time and it
discontinued operations in 1950.
The Bear Cove Packing Co. put up a small hand pack at Bear
Island in Cook Inlet. In 1950 the plant discontinued operations. The Kester
Packing Co. put up a small hand pack at Polly Creek in Cook Inlet. The plant was
last operated in 1949.
1948
The Mainland Fisheries started operations at Kukak Bay, the
site of the old Hemrich Packing Co. plant. The Mainland Fisheries Co. purchased
the holdings of the Cape Douglas Canning Co. plant at Suikshak Lagoon. They
moved the machinery to Kukak because they considered it a better location. The
company went into the hands of receivers in 1951.
The Roman Malach Canning Co. organized a small hand pack
cannery at Ninilchik and operated only the one year. The B. & G. Canning
Co. started a small cannery near Seldovia. This cannery discontinued operation
in 1950.
1949
The Kadiak Fisheries Co. completed construction of a modern
two-line cannery at Port Bailey. It replaced the plant which was destroyed by fire
August 17, 1948.
The Ace Trading Co. acquired the old Army sawmill at Kasakof
Bay, Afognak Island and started a cannery which is operating today.
1950
A small plant was installed at Kasilof by J. H. Hoekzena of
Anchorage.
[1] Lewis G.
MacDonald, “Chronological History of
Salmon Canneries in Southeastern Alaska,” appendix to Alaska Department of Fisheries Annual Report, 1949.
[2] Lewis G.
MacDonald, “Chronological History of
Salmon Canneries in Western Alaska,” appendix to Alaska Department of Fisheries Annual Report, 1950.
[3] Lewis G.
MacDonald, “Chronological History of Salmon
Canneries in Central Alaska,” appendix to Alaska
Department of Fisheries Annual Report, 1951.
